AODA Alliance Asks Federal Disabilities Minister for Important Information About the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit in Advance of the Senate’s Public Hearings on Bill C-22

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/aodaalliance   AODA Alliance Asks Federal Disabilities Minister for Important Information About the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit in Advance of the Senate’s Public Hearings on Bill C-22 … Continue reading AODA Alliance Asks Federal Disabilities Minister for Important Information About the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit in Advance of the Senate’s Public Hearings on Bill C-22

Senate Sends Bill C-22 (Canada Disability Benefit Act) to Standing Committee for hearings – Reflections on the Final Day of Senate’s Second Reading Debate

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/aodaalliance   Senate Sends Bill C-22 (Canada Disability Benefit Act) to Standing Committee for hearings – Reflections on the Final Day of Senate’s Second Reading Debate   … Continue reading Senate Sends Bill C-22 (Canada Disability Benefit Act) to Standing Committee for hearings – Reflections on the Final Day of Senate’s Second Reading Debate

During Fourth Day of Senate Second Reading Debate on Bill C-22 (the Canada Disability Benefit Act), Senators Each Recognize Need to Strengthen the Bill

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/aodaalliance   During Fourth Day of Senate Second Reading Debate on Bill C-22 (the Canada Disability Benefit Act), Senators Each Recognize Need to Strengthen the Bill   … Continue reading During Fourth Day of Senate Second Reading Debate on Bill C-22 (the Canada Disability Benefit Act), Senators Each Recognize Need to Strengthen the Bill

Globe and Mail Reports on Serious Concern that Bill C-22 Lets Private Insurance Companies Claw back the Canada Disability Benefit from People with Disabilities

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/aodaalliance   Globe and Mail Reports on Serious Concern that Bill C-22 Lets Private Insurance Companies Claw back the Canada Disability Benefit from People with Disabilities   … Continue reading Globe and Mail Reports on Serious Concern that Bill C-22 Lets Private Insurance Companies Claw back the Canada Disability Benefit from People with Disabilities

Senators Blast Weaknesses in Bill C-22 (Canada Disability Benefit Act) During Second and Third Days of Second Reading Debate

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com T witter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/aodaalliance   Senators Blast Weaknesses in Bill C-22 (Canada Disability Benefit Act) During Second and Third Days of Second Reading Debate   March 6, 2023   … Continue reading Senators Blast Weaknesses in Bill C-22 (Canada Disability Benefit Act) During Second and Third Days of Second Reading Debate

Tell the Senate to Strengthen Bill C-22 (the Canada Disability Benefit Act) Action Kit

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Tell the Senate to Strengthen Bill C-22 (the Canada Disability Benefit Act) Action Kit   February 14, 2023    The Time is Now to Email Senators to … Continue reading Tell the Senate to Strengthen Bill C-22 (the Canada Disability Benefit Act) Action Kit

Private Disability Insurance Companies Must Not Be Allowed to Clawback the Canada Disability Benefit – Senate Must Fix Serious Hole in Bill C-22 that Trudeau Government Failed to Address

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Private Disability Insurance Companies Must Not Be Allowed to Clawback the Canada Disability Benefit – Senate Must Fix Serious Hole in Bill C-22 that Trudeau Government Failed … Continue reading Private Disability Insurance Companies Must Not Be Allowed to Clawback the Canada Disability Benefit – Senate Must Fix Serious Hole in Bill C-22 that Trudeau Government Failed to Address

Senate Begins Second Reading Debates on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Our Reflections on First Day of Second Reading Debate

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update   United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Senate Begins Second Reading Debates on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Our Reflections on First Day of Second Reading Debate   February 12, … Continue reading Senate Begins Second Reading Debates on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Our Reflections on First Day of Second Reading Debate

What Amendments Should the Senate of Canada Make to Bill C-22,

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance www.aodaalliance.org Twitter: @aodaalliance   ARCH Disability Law Centre www.archdisabilitylaw.ca Twitter: @ARCHDisability   Income Security Advocacy Centre www.incomesecurity.org Twitter: @ISAC_Ontario   What Amendments Should the Senate of Canada Make to Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act? — A Discussion Paper   February 3, 2023   On February 2nd … Continue reading What Amendments Should the Senate of Canada Make to Bill C-22,

Reflections on the House of Commons Third Reading Debates on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, Which Will Pass Today and Head to the Senate

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Reflections on the House of Commons Third Reading Debates on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, Which Will Pass Today and Head to the Senate   … Continue reading Reflections on the House of Commons Third Reading Debates on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, Which Will Pass Today and Head to the Senate

New AODA 7-Minute Video kicks Off Blitz to get the Senate to Strengthen Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Watch Trudeau Government Flip-Flop on Whether the Bill has Needed Amendments

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   New AODA 7-Minute Video kicks Off Blitz to get the Senate to Strengthen Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Watch Trudeau Government Flip-Flop on Whether … Continue reading New AODA 7-Minute Video kicks Off Blitz to get the Senate to Strengthen Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Watch Trudeau Government Flip-Flop on Whether the Bill has Needed Amendments

Read the Improved but Still Too Weak Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, With House of Commons Standing Committee’s Nine Amendments Added

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Read the Improved but Still Too Weak Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, With House of Commons Standing Committee’s Nine Amendments Added   December 20, 2022 … Continue reading Read the Improved but Still Too Weak Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, With House of Commons Standing Committee’s Nine Amendments Added

Members of Parliament Head Home for Holiday Festivities Without Passing Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Standing Committee Makes Nine Helpful Amendments, But the Bill Still is Far Too Weak

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Members of Parliament Head Home for Holiday Festivities Without Passing Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Standing Committee Makes Nine Helpful Amendments, But the Bill Still … Continue reading Members of Parliament Head Home for Holiday Festivities Without Passing Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act – Standing Committee Makes Nine Helpful Amendments, But the Bill Still is Far Too Weak

Clause-by-Clause Review of Bill C-22 Deferred from Yesterday to Today – and – Recent Media Reveals Accessibility Barriers that the Ford Government Hasn’t Prevented

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Clause-by-Clause Review of Bill C-22 Deferred from Yesterday to Today – and – Recent Media Reveals Accessibility Barriers that the Ford Government Hasn’t Prevented   December 13, 2022 … Continue reading Clause-by-Clause Review of Bill C-22 Deferred from Yesterday to Today – and – Recent Media Reveals Accessibility Barriers that the Ford Government Hasn’t Prevented

House of Commons Standing Committee Makes Five Amendments to the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act and More May Be Coming Today

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   House of Commons Standing Committee Makes Five Amendments to the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act and More May Be Coming Today   December 12, … Continue reading House of Commons Standing Committee Makes Five Amendments to the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act and More May Be Coming Today

AODA Alliance Asks House of Commons HUMA Standing Committee to Make Public Proposed Amendments to Bill C-22 that MPs Put Forward

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   AODA Alliance Asks House of Commons HUMA Standing Committee to Make Public Proposed Amendments to Bill C-22 that MPs Put Forward   December 1, 2022   SUMMARY … Continue reading AODA Alliance Asks House of Commons HUMA Standing Committee to Make Public Proposed Amendments to Bill C-22 that MPs Put Forward

Call to Immediate Action: Urge Key Members of Parliament to Strengthen Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ Call to Immediate Action: Urge Key Members of Parliament to Strengthen Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act November 25, 2022 The Call to Action Please email or call … Continue reading Call to Immediate Action: Urge Key Members of Parliament to Strengthen Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

What We Learned At Parliament’s Public Hearings on the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/ What We Learned at the Public Hearings on Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act November 24, 2022 SUMMARY What did HUMA, the House of Commons Standing Committee on … Continue reading What We Learned At Parliament’s Public Hearings on the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

AODA Alliance Proposes 15 Specific Amendments to Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, to Make Improvements that Witnesses Asked for at Public Hearings

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   AODA Alliance Proposes 15 Specific Amendments to Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, to Make Improvements that Witnesses Asked for at Public Hearings   November 21, 2022 … Continue reading AODA Alliance Proposes 15 Specific Amendments to Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, to Make Improvements that Witnesses Asked for at Public Hearings

Watch video of AODA Alliance Testimony on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, at House of Commons Standing Committee

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Watch video of AODA Alliance Testimony on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, at House of Commons Standing Committee   November 16, 2022   We invite you … Continue reading Watch video of AODA Alliance Testimony on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act, at House of Commons Standing Committee

Trudeau Government’s Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act Must Be Strengthened, Disability Coalition to Tell House of Commons Standing Committee Today, Tabling Open Letter From 37 Diverse Organizations Spanning six Provinces

ACCESSIBILITY FOR ONTARIANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT ALLIANCE NEWS RELEASE – FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Trudeau Government’s Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act Must Be Strengthened, Disability Coalition to Tell House of Commons Standing Committee Today, Tabling Open Letter From 37 Diverse Organizations Spanning six Provinces   November 14, 2022 Ottawa:   Today at public hearings streamed live … Continue reading Trudeau Government’s Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act Must Be Strengthened, Disability Coalition to Tell House of Commons Standing Committee Today, Tabling Open Letter From 37 Diverse Organizations Spanning six Provinces

Reflections on Second Reading Debates in the House of Commons Earlier This Fall on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Reflections on Second Reading Debates in the House of Commons Earlier This Fall on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act   November 13, 2022   SUMMARY   … Continue reading Reflections on Second Reading Debates in the House of Commons Earlier This Fall on Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Benefit Act

Highlights of Second Day of Public Hearings on Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act, and a Look Ahead at the Third Day When the AODA Alliance Gets a Turn at Bat

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Highlights of Second Day of Public Hearings on Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act, and a Look Ahead at the Third Day When the AODA Alliance … Continue reading Highlights of Second Day of Public Hearings on Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act, and a Look Ahead at the Third Day When the AODA Alliance Gets a Turn at Bat

24 Disability Organizations Spanning Five Provinces and Diverse Disabilities Sign Open Letter, Calling on Parliament to Strengthen and Quickly Pass Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/     24 Disability Organizations Spanning Five Provinces and Diverse Disabilities Sign Open Letter, Calling on Parliament to Strengthen and Quickly Pass Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit … Continue reading 24 Disability Organizations Spanning Five Provinces and Diverse Disabilities Sign Open Letter, Calling on Parliament to Strengthen and Quickly Pass Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Today’s AODA Alliance Toronto Star Guest column and Supportive Star Editorial Show Why Parliament Must Quickly Strengthen the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Today’s AODA Alliance Toronto Star Guest column and Supportive Star Editorial Show Why Parliament Must Quickly Strengthen the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act   November … Continue reading Today’s AODA Alliance Toronto Star Guest column and Supportive Star Editorial Show Why Parliament Must Quickly Strengthen the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

First Day of Public Hearings Show Why Bill C-22, the Weak Canada Disability Benefit Act, Needs to Be Strengthened – and AODA Alliance Will Present to Those Public Hearings on November 14, 2022

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   First Day of Public Hearings Show Why Bill C-22, the Weak Canada Disability Benefit Act, Needs to Be Strengthened  – and AODA Alliance Will Present to Those Public Hearings … Continue reading First Day of Public Hearings Show Why Bill C-22, the Weak Canada Disability Benefit Act, Needs to Be Strengthened – and AODA Alliance Will Present to Those Public Hearings on November 14, 2022

Will Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act, Be a Trick or Treat? House of Commons Public Hearings Start Today, But Will the AODA Alliance Ever Get to Make a Presentation?

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Will Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act, Be a Trick or Treat? House of Commons Public Hearings Start Today, But Will the AODA Alliance Ever Get … Continue reading Will Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act, Be a Trick or Treat? House of Commons Public Hearings Start Today, But Will the AODA Alliance Ever Get to Make a Presentation?

The AODA Alliance Submits a Brief 5-Page Brief to the House of Commons, Urging that It Strengthen the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update   United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   The AODA Alliance Submits a Brief 5-Page Brief to the House of Commons, Urging that It Strengthen the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit … Continue reading The AODA Alliance Submits a Brief 5-Page Brief to the House of Commons, Urging that It Strengthen the Weak Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Federal Disabilities Minister Qualtrough’s CBC Interview Shows Why Parliament Must Strengthen Weak Bill C-22, the proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance Update   United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Federal Disabilities Minister Qualtrough’s CBC Interview Shows Why Parliament Must Strengthen Weak Bill C-22, the proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act   October 31, 2022   SUMMARY … Continue reading Federal Disabilities Minister Qualtrough’s CBC Interview Shows Why Parliament Must Strengthen Weak Bill C-22, the proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act

On Second Reading, the House of Commons Unanimously Voted for Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act – AODA Alliance Asks Standing Committee to Permit It to Make Oral Presentation on How to Strengthen This Weak Bill

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance UpdateUnited for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   On Second Reading, the House of Commons Unanimously Voted for Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act – AODA Alliance Asks Standing Committee to Permit It to Make … Continue reading On Second Reading, the House of Commons Unanimously Voted for Bill C-22, the Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act – AODA Alliance Asks Standing Committee to Permit It to Make Oral Presentation on How to Strengthen This Weak Bill

House of Commons to Debate Bill C-22 Tomorrow to Create Canada Disability Benefit – A Great Idea but a Very Deficient Bill, Disability Coalition Tells Parliament – Read the AODA Alliance Brief

ACCESSIBILITY FOR ONTARIANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT ALLIANCE NEWS RELEASE – FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE House of Commons to Debate Bill Tomorrow to Create Canada Disability Benefit – A Great Idea but a Very Deficient Bill, Disability Coalition Tells Parliament   October 17, 2022 Toronto: Tomorrow, the House of Commons begins Second Reading debates on Bill C-22, … Continue reading House of Commons to Debate Bill C-22 Tomorrow to Create Canada Disability Benefit – A Great Idea but a Very Deficient Bill, Disability Coalition Tells Parliament – Read the AODA Alliance Brief

Send Us Feedback on the AODA Alliance’s Draft Brief to Parliament on Bill C-22, The Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act – A Bill that Needs to Be Substantially Strengthened

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance United for a Barrier-Free Society for All People with Disabilities   Web: www.aodaalliance.org Email: aodafeedback@gmail.com Twitter: @aodaalliance Facebook: www.facebook.com/aodaalliance/   Send Us Feedback on the AODA Alliance’s Draft Brief to Parliament on Bill C-22, The Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act – A Bill that Needs to Be Substantially … Continue reading Send Us Feedback on the AODA Alliance’s Draft Brief to Parliament on Bill C-22, The Proposed Canada Disability Benefit Act – A Bill that Needs to Be Substantially Strengthened